Human Development Index (HDI)

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⇒ United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has developed a composite index HDI for quantitative measure of human development.

 ⇒ The concept of HDI is given by Mahbub-Ul-Haq of Pakistan and Amartya Sen of India.

 ⇒ It includes (i) longevity of life, (ii) knowledge base and (iii) decent material standard of living.

 ⇒ According to HDR 2011, the HDI for India was 0.547 in 2011 with an overall ranking of 134 out of 187 countries.

 ⇒ Norway and Australia are at top two positions in HDI ranking 2011.

 ⇒ Life Expectancy at birth in India was 65.4 years in 2011 as against 81.9 years in Australia and 81.1 years in Norway.

 ⇒ In terms of Gender Inequalities Index (GII) India with a value of 0.617 ranks 129 out of a total of 187 countries as per HDR 2011.

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