Population | Indian Economy

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⇒ According to provisional data of 2011 census, the Indian population is 121Crore.

 ⇒ India accounts for 2.4% of the world surface area and sustains about 17.2% of the World population.

 ⇒ India is following the demographic transition pattern of all developing countries from initial levels of high birth rate – high death rate phase to the intermediate phase of high birth rate – low death rate with high population growth before reaching low birth rate- low death rate phase.

 ⇒ There are various theories on population e.g. Malthusian Theory of Population Growth, Marxian Theory of Population Growth, Demographic Transition Theory etc.

 ⇒ Malthus Thomas Robert gave the Malthusian Theory in 1798. His general view was that population tends to increase faster than means of subsistence. The fast increase in population absorbs all economic gains unless controlled by preventive and positive checks.

 ⇒ Marx advocated that population is based on as a reaction to the capitalistic mode of production and governance. He argues that worker class increases its population in order to increase their work power and capitalistic class restricts its population growth in order to maintain their standard of living.

 ⇒ Demographic Transition Theory is given by W.S.Thomson and Frank W.Notestein. They explained five successive stages of population stages.

 Stage I: High and fluctuating birth and death rates and slow population growth.
 Stage II: High birth rates and declining death rates and rapid population growth.
 Stage III: Declining birth rates and low death rates and declining population growth.
 Stage IV: Low birth and death rates and slow population growth.
 Stage V: Birth and death rates are approximately equal, population growth is zero.

 ⇒ India is in stage III of population growth.

 ⇒ Optimum Population: A country is said to have an optimum population when the number of people is in balance with available resources.

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